with reliability estimation, potential solutions and current tools and future work required. The inherent uncertainties in early reliability estimation for wave and tidal energy systems generate uncertainties in cost of power estimations, and therefore increase risk for investors and developers. A method has been proposed, and is in development, which allows management of the uncertainty in reliability estimation from an early stage. The method ultimately enables an efficient, transparent and accurate estimation of system reliability, as well as system optimisation, to the benefit of all stakeholders.